Monday, 22 February 2016

Windows Control Panel

Windows Control Panel provides a location from which you can configure the functionality and appearance of your computer i.e. is a section of Microsoft Windows that enables a user to change various computer hardware and software features. Settings for the mouse, display,sound, network, and keyboard represent just a few examples of what may be modified in the Control Panel
How To Access the Control Panel
1.      Click Start.
2.      Click Settings, then Control Panel.
3.      If successful, you should have a window that resembles one of the following images.



Accessing Control Panel from the Windows command line (MS-DOS)

Use the control command to open the Control Panel as well as many of the Control Panel icons from the command line.

Tools/Components displayed in Windows Control Panel

The following table lists some of the more commonly used components/tools and their names, available in Windows Control Panel.
1.      Add or Remove Programs: The Add or Remove Programs applet is used to uninstall or change an installed program, view installed Windows Updates, or turn optional Windows features on or off, and to set default program accesses.

2.      Add Hardware:  The Add Hardware Control Panel applet starts the Add Hardware Wizard which is used to manually install devices which are not automatically recognized by Windows.


3.      Administrative Tools: The Administrative Tools Control Panel applet is basically a shortcut to a folder full of shortcuts to additional tools useful for system administrators and users needing to troubleshoot certain kinds of Windows problems.

4.      Network Connections: to configure firewall, wireless wizard, and set up a network
5.    Date/Time/Language- to set the calendar and keyboard 
6.    User Accounts- to create new accounts and control access through groups 
7.    Appearance and Themes- to configure display options, resolution, taskbar and menus, screen savers, and dual view for multiple monitors

8.    Ease of access : adjust computer settings for vision, hearing and mobility, and use speech recognition  to control computer for with voice commands

Swap Internal storage with the SD card in Android

First: You need to rooted phone for this process, if your phone is not rooted then first of all root your phone. .
Second:Install WSM Tools and XInternalSD apps on your phone, then open the WSM Tools.you will get a popup tab from Su app for giving root permission to WSM Tools app, now tap on the grant option. Then click on Install, now you will get a popup message for confirmation, So tap on OK option after then you will get a new  popup message for reboot your device, So tap on OK again.
Third:Open WSM Tools, you can see the XInternalSD App in modules and swipe to On XInternalSD App. Now you will see a Pop up message "WSM Module list was updated changes will become active on reboot".
Forth: After reboot your device, go to app menu and open XInternalSD app then you will see “Path to internal SD card” option and in this option you will see this path “/storage/sdcard1” If you will not find this path then tap on  “Path to internal SD card” option and set manually this path  “/storage/sdcard1”  After this tick on “Enable for all apps” and click on “Enable for apps”, then choose apps which you want to move External SD.Now reboot your phone and you are good to go.. ;) 
IF you get any problem feel free to comment below.

BRESENHAM’S LINE ALGORITHM

BRESENHAM’S LINE ALGORITHM

 Bresenham Line ( X1, Y1, XN, YN):
Description: Here X1 and Y1 denote the starting x – coordinate and y – coordinate of the line
and XN and YN denote the ending x – coordinate and y – coordinate.

1. Set DX = XN – X1 and DY = YN – Y1
2. Set Di = 2DY - DX
3. Set DS = 2DY and DT = 2(DY – DX)
4. Call PutPixel(X1, Y1)
5. Repeat While (X1 < XN)
6. Set X1 = X1 + 1
7. If (Di < 0) Then
8. Set Di = Di + DS
9. Else
10. Set Y1 = Y1 + 1
11. Set Di = Di + DT
[End of If]
12. Call PutPixel(X1, Y1)
[End of While]
13. Exit

This is line ALGORITHM if you got any error please feel to comment.This Very easy to understand and learn. 

Sunday, 21 February 2016

Frames in Coumper Networking

  • Frames Are The Small data Units Created By Data Link Layer And The Process Of Creating Frames By The Data Link Layer Is Known As Framing.
                  Framing Method Implemented By Data Link Layer Are:-
  • Character Count. 
  • Starting & Ending Characters With Character Stuffing. 
  • Starting & ending Flags With Bit Stuffing. 
  • Physical Layer Coding Violation.
            Character Count.
  • This Method Specifies The Number Of Characters That Are Present In particular Frame. 
  • This Information Is specified By using a Special Field In the Header Frame.
           Starting & Ending Characters With Character Stuffing.
  • In this Method Frame Starts & End With a special Character That Mark The Beginning & End Of Frame. 
  • Each character Begins With the ASCII Character Sequence DLE STX (data link Escape Start Of Text ) And End With ASCII Character Sequence DLE ETX (data link escape End Of text)
        Starting & ending Flags With Bit Stuffing.
  • In this Method , Each Begins & Ends With a Special Bit pattern 01111110 Called Flags. 
  • There for Each frame starts With 01111110& also Ends with 01111110. 
  • The Main Problem arises in this Method When The Flag byte 01111110 Appear as data. 
  • This Problem Is Handled By technique called Bit stuffing That Is similar To character stuffing.


                 Physical Layer Coding Violation.
  • This Framing Method Is Used only In those network In which Encoding On The Physical Medium Contain some Redundancy. 
  • Some LANs Encode Each Bit Of Data By using two Physical Bit i.e. Menchester coding is Used. 
  • In this method Bit 1 Is encoded into high-low(10) Pair And Bit 0 Is Encoded Into low-high(01)pair shown in figure.

BRESENHAM’S CIRCLE ALGORITHM

BRESENHAM’S CIRCLE ALGORITHM
Bresenham Circle ( Xc, Yc, R):
Description: Here Xc and Yc denote the x – coordinate and y – coordinate of the center of the
circle. R is the radius.
1. Set X = 0 and Y = R
2. Set D = 3 – 2R
3. Repeat While (X < Y)
4. Call Draw Circle(Xc, Yc, X, Y)
5. Set X = X + 1
6. If (D < 0) Then
7. D = D + 4X + 6
8. Else
9. Set Y = Y – 1
10. D = D + 4(X – Y) + 10
[End of If]
11. Call Draw Circle(Xc, Yc, X, Y)
[End of While]
12. Exit

Draw Circle (Xc, Yc, X, Y):
1. Call PutPixel(Xc + X, Yc, + Y)
2. Call PutPixel(Xc - X, Yc, + Y)
3. Call PutPixel(Xc + X, Yc, - Y)
4. Call PutPixel(Xc - X, Yc, - Y)
5. Call PutPixel(Xc + Y, Yc, + X)
6. Call PutPixel(Xc - Y, Yc, + X)
7. Call PutPixel(Xc + Y, Yc, - X)
8. Call PutPixel(Xc - Y, Yc, - X)
9. Exit


Esay To understand and learn this circle algorithm.If You got any error just fell free to comment bleow. Thanks aHappy learning. :)