- Frames Are The Small data Units Created By Data Link Layer And The Process Of Creating Frames By The Data Link Layer Is Known As Framing.
- Character Count.
- Starting & Ending Characters With Character Stuffing.
- Starting & ending Flags With Bit Stuffing.
- Physical Layer Coding Violation.
- This Method Specifies The Number Of Characters That Are Present In particular Frame.
- This Information Is specified By using a Special Field In the Header Frame.
Starting & Ending Characters With Character Stuffing.
- In this Method Frame Starts & End With a special Character That Mark The Beginning & End Of Frame.
- Each character Begins With the ASCII Character Sequence DLE STX (data link Escape Start Of Text ) And End With ASCII Character Sequence DLE ETX (data link escape End Of text)
Starting & ending Flags With Bit Stuffing.
- In this Method , Each Begins & Ends With a Special Bit pattern 01111110 Called Flags.
- There for Each frame starts With 01111110& also Ends with 01111110.
- The Main Problem arises in this Method When The Flag byte 01111110 Appear as data.
- This Problem Is Handled By technique called Bit stuffing That Is similar To character stuffing.
Physical Layer Coding Violation.
- This Framing Method Is Used only In those network In which Encoding On The Physical Medium Contain some Redundancy.
- Some LANs Encode Each Bit Of Data By using two Physical Bit i.e. Menchester coding is Used.
- In this method Bit 1 Is encoded into high-low(10) Pair And Bit 0 Is Encoded Into low-high(01)pair shown in figure.